A Multicenter, Prospective, Phase II Study on Intraventricular Injection of Pemetrexed Combined with Nivolumab Via an Ommaya Reservoir for the Treatment of Refractory Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with Leptomeningeal Metastases in Previously Treated Patients
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if the intraventricular injection of Pemetrexed and Nivolumab works to treat refractory non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastases. The main questions to answer are: * Is the combination of Pemetrexed and Nivolumab safe to inject? * How effective is the combination in disease control? Participants will： * Intrathecal injection of 30 mg pemetrexed via Ommaya reservoir, once every 4 weeks until disease progression; * Intrathecal injection of 40 mg nivolumab via Ommaya reservoir, once every 4 weeks until disease progression; * Before each intrathecal administration, a preliminary intrathecal injection of dexamethasone, 5 mg/2 mL, is given.
• Patients who sign the informed consent form and are willing to complete the study according to the protocol;
• Patients must have radiographic and/or cerebrospinal fluid cytology evidence of leptomeningeal disease (LMD). The diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer must be confirmed, based on histological and/or cytological diagnosis.
• Patients must have an ECOG performance status score of ≤ 2.
• Patients may use steroids to control symptoms related to the central nervous system, but the dose must be ≤ 4 mg of dexamethasone (or equivalent dose) within 24 hours. The patient's neurological symptoms should remain stable for at least 7 days, or they are reducing the dose of steroids. Physiological replacement doses for adrenal insufficiency are allowed.
• Patients who have received brain and/or spinal radiotherapy, including whole-brain radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, or SBRT, can be enrolled, but must have completed radiation therapy at least 7 days before starting treatment.
• Patients who have received approved systemic treatments may continue the systemic treatment chosen by the researcher. Concurrent use of other drugs for intrathecal treatment is not allowed. For patients who have received other systemic treatments, the minimum washout periods are as follows:
‣ Patients who have received intrathecal treatment must have had their last treatment at least 7 days before starting the study treatment.
⁃ Patients who have received systemic chemotherapy must have had their last treatment at least 14 days before starting the study treatment.
⁃ Patients who have received approved systemic immunotherapy (such as anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA4) must have had their last treatment at least 2 weeks before starting the study treatment.
⁃ Patients who have received any other investigational drugs must have had their last treatment at least 14 days before starting the study treatment.
• Age ≥ 18 years.
• Able to provide written informed consent, including compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the consent form.
• Patients must have the organ and bone marrow function defined in Table 1 below.
• No contraindications to the installation of an Ommaya reservoir.
• Criteria for refractory leptomeningeal metastasis:
‣ Failed first- or second-generation TKI treatment, T790M mutation-negative;
⁃ Failed third-generation TKI treatment;
⁃ EGFR gene mutation-negative, failed first-line treatment.